Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
14334 => 1 4 3 3 4
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
1 to 4 = 3
4 to 3 = 1
3 to 3 = 0
3 to 4 = 1
4 to 1 = 3
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
3 1 0 1 3 = 31013